A frenzy over an artificial intelligence chatbot made by Chinese tech startup DeepSeek was upending stock markets Monday and fueling debates over the economic and geopolitical competition between the U.

Some AI researchers hailed DeepSeek’s R1 as a breakthrough on the same level as DeepMind’s AlphaZero, a 2017 model that became superhuman at the board games Chess and Go by purely playing against itself and improving, rather than observing any human games.

Enter DeepSeek, a Chinese AI startup that has not only stunned global tech giants with its cutting-edge innovations but also weathered a significant cyberattack aimed at undermining its meteoric rise.