At least three people were killed and scores were wounded during an aerial battle over Tel Aviv, as Iranian missiles rained down and Israeli rockets attempted to intercept them.

The Israeli air force struck storage and missile-launch infrastructure in western Iran on Sunday, Israel’s military said, as attacks in Iran entered a third day.

Israel and Iran exchanged more missile attacks on population centers on Sunday, brushing aside international calls to halt what has quickly become the fiercest clash in decades between the two sworn e...