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Keywords 👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be ...

Learn how to approximate the integral of a function using the Reimann sum approximation. Reimann sum is an approximation of the area under a curve or between two curves by dividing it into multiple ...

All methods which include treatment of relativistic effects are ultimately based on the Dirac equation, which has a four component wave function. The solutions to the Dirac equation describe both ...

Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) scattering of complex 3-D distributions in a layered-medium background is crucial in many remote sensing and geophysical applications, including ground-penetrating radar ...

1 College of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China. 2 School of Statistics and Data Science, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China.

ABSTRACT: The behavior of beams with variable stiffness subjected to the action of variable loadings (impulse or harmonic) is analyzed in this paper using the successive approximation method. This ...