Physical systems become inherently more complicated and difficult to produce in a lab as the number of dimensions they exist ...

Discover how probability distribution methods can help predict stock market returns and improve investment decisions. Learn to assess risk and potential gains.

Abstract: Aiming at suppressing the switching frequen- cy harmonics, a novel discrete hybrid dual random control (DHDRC) technique is proposed in this article. Based on the space vector pulsewidth ...

Probability distributions are fundamental tools in statistics and probability theory, offering a mathematical framework to describe the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment or ...

Dependent variables change based on other inputs in financial models, affecting investment outcomes. Independent variables like earnings affect dependent variables, influencing metrics like P/E ratios ...

In this work, we propose a path integral Monte Carlo approach based on discretized continuous degrees of freedom and rejection-free Gibbs sampling. The ground state properties of a chain of planar ...

The copyright page on new books and reprints now says they can’t be used or reproduced ‘for the purpose of training artificial intelligence.’ The copyright page on new books and reprints now says they ...

Roll a die and ask students to identify the random variable. Since a die can only take on values of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, this is a discrete random variable. Repeat ...