Billions of years ago, Earth’s atmosphere was hostile, with barely any oxygen and toxic conditions for life. Researchers from the Earth-Life Science Institute studied Japan’s iron-rich hot springs, ...

Steel has underpinned modern life for centuries, but it comes at an expensive cost. The industry is responsible for nearly 7 ...

Scientists solve a 15-year Mars mystery, confirming ferric hydroxysulfate formed by volcanic and hydrothermal heating across ...

The red color comes from iron oxides, a fancy way to describe what is essentially rust, which form a major component of the ...

Singlet oxygen can be damaging in both cells and batteries but it has taken almost 60 years to work out exactly when it shows ...

A research team at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities has investigated a new method to produce iron, the main component ...

Scientists found that carbon enabled Earth’s core to solidify. Without it, the inner core may not exist. A team of scientists ...

Ancient ocean grains show Earth’s carbon levels were far lower than expected during key evolutionary eras. The results challenge old theories of life’s rise and hint at patterns that could shape our ...