Can active choice mitigate the effects of preset defaults? We study this question using a difference-in-differences design around the rollout of the EU’s Digital Markets Act, which required iOS and ...

We argue that the relative price of materials is an important determinant of the labor share of income. When materials and primary inputs are complements and the profit share is positive, a higher ...

This paper quantifies the environmental externalities associated with electricity consumption by data centers in the United States, focusing on damages from local air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG ...

We use the index to investigate how gender-specific labor market shocks influence spending patterns within heterosexual households. Our findings reveal that industrial robot adoption, which worsened ...

Yet they can also serve domestic political ends. This paper studies how Russia’s escalations against Ukraine reshaped support for the regime and redistributed the burdens of war across the population.

We evaluate the welfare effects of five provincial mandatory retirement bans in Canada from 2005 to 2009 using linked employer-employee tax data. The bans sharply reduce retirements at age 65, with ...

Following a call for nominations in January, the NBER has appointed 65 new affiliates: 16 Research Associates and 49 Faculty Research Fellows. In addition, two Faculty Research Fellows have been ...

We study the macroeconomic effects of tariff policy using U.S. historical data from 1840–2024. We construct a narrative series of plausibly exogenous tariff changes – based on major legislative ...

We examine the financial consequences of the 2007 California Fair Pricing Law, which places a price ceiling on hospital bills for financially vulnerable individuals. Using cross-sectional variation in ...

Using a multi-sided matching equilibrium, we show that whether they exit or engage depends on whether social harm scales with productivity. When harm is uncorrelated—an implicit assumption in most ...

This paper examines the career consequences in Norway of being initially employed in an occupation that subsequently declines during 2007–2024. Workers initially employed in occupations that later ...

Exploiting the staggered roll-out of China’s national air monitoring network, we document a pollutant substitution effect: PM.