Signal transduction is the fundamental process by which cells convert external cues into tailored intracellular responses. Through a cascade of molecular events—beginning at the cell membrane with the ...

Bacterial chemotaxis is a sophisticated behavioural process that enables microorganisms to navigate toward favourable environments by detecting subtle differences in chemical gradients. At the heart ...

Animals depend on their sense of smell to locate food, identify mates and evade danger. In mammals, olfactory perception ...