This paper deals with two issues. First, it identifies structured propositions with logical procedures. Second, it considers various rigorous definitions of the granularity of procedures, hence also ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A propositional system of modal logic is second-order if it contains quantifiers ∀p and ∃p, which, in the standard interpretation, are ...

There are two main reasons mathematics has fascinated humanity for two thousand years. First, math gives us the tools we need to understand the universe and build things. Second, the study of ...

An excellent introduction to logic (in all possible worlds), September 24, 2002, by Dr. Lee D. Carlson (Baltimore, Maryland USA) [Amazon.com] It is too bad this book is out of print, for the authors ...

Aristotle's logic provides the foundation for the dialectical theory of change. The term contradiction is one we will return to in explaining dialectics, and also organisational science and systems ...