This lab includes the complete titration procedure used to investigate how well a buffer resists changes in pH. Prepare a buffer solution by accurately calculating and measuring the required amounts ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Buffer exchange and sample concentration often consume a significant amount of time and require hands-on attention, diverting focus from more important tasks. Big Tuna, an advanced, fully automated ...

(1) Germination and early seedling growth of Pinus contorta and Picea glauca were examined, using distilled water (pH 6·3), eight acidic buffer solutions (pH 2·2), and eight alkaline buffer solutions ...