Active filters are ubiquitous in electronic design today, performing signal-frequency manipulation and conditioning for audio, IF (intermediate frequency), and digital-signal processing. The success ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. When designing filters, engineers very often need to know what the filtered value at the output will be. This is ...

This analytical and graphical technique allows engineers to determine, in closed form, the output of an RC filter driven by a PWM pulse train. It is based on the principle that current and voltage ...

Many years ago, audio equipment came with a tone control, a simple RC filter that would cut or boost the bass to taste. As time passed, this was split into two controls for bass and treble, and then ...

Delta-sigma converters with sinc (sinx/x) digital filters change the signal chain’s complex antialiasing-filter requirements to a simple, first-order, passive filter. With this “easy-to-design” ...

[Ryan] wanted a spectrum analyzer for his audio equipment. Rather than grab a micro, he did it the analog way. [Ryan] designed a 10 band audio spectrum analyzer. This means that he needs 10 band-pass ...