And nicotine really is addictive. The dopamine it stimulates, particularly in a brain area called the nucleus accumbens, ...

Researchers have found that one key role of the neuromodulator noradrenaline, produced by the locus coeruleus, is to help the brain learn from surprising outcomes. When your brain needs you to pay ...

Noradrenaline is a neuromodulator that has been linked to arousal and boosting alertness, but can lead to anxiety in large amounts. Unlike neurotransmitters, which enable cell-to-cell communication, ...

Good news for adrenaline junkies. An adrenaline burst could help scientists learn when we experience surprises due to the hormone noradrenaline, or norepinephrine. A study conducted at the ...

An international team of researchers has provided valuable insights into the brain's noradrenaline (NA) system, which has been a longtime target for medications to ...

You reach over a stove to pick up a pot. What you didn’t realize was that the burner was still on. Ouch! That painful accident probably taught you a lesson. It’s adaptive to learn from unexpected ...