In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood, but ...

Figure 1: Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of ionization products of Xe atoms and clusters. Figure 3: Classical simulations of the electron motion and ionization for Xe 13 clusters after irradiation ...

An apparatus, based on the crossed-beam principle, is described for measuring the ionization cross-section of ions by electron impact. The cross-section for the reaction He+ + e → He2+ + 2e is ...

Bipolar ionization technology releases charged atoms that attach to and deactivate harmful substances like bacteria, mold, allergens, and viruses. It first arrived in the US in the 1970s as a tool to ...

In his paper, "Flash Ionization of the Early Universe by Pop III.1 Supermassive Stars," published on the arXiv preprint server and forthcoming in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Tan, who is also a ...

Mass spectrometry (MS) is already perhaps the most popular analytical chemistry tool in drug discovery and development. Its use is ubiquitous in bioanalytical laboratories for drug and metabolite ...

Current state of the theory of Penning ionization is reviewed, in terms of the problems currently under consideration, the physical concepts underlying various recent theories, and some of the ...

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