Animals depend on their sense of smell to locate food, identify mates and evade danger. In mammals, olfactory perception ...

Being abundant primary producers, single-celled eukaryotic diatoms and dinoflagellates dominate marine food webs and significantly impact the ecology of the oceans. These organisms face competition ...

Single-cell proteogenomic analysis defined the lymphoma microenvironment as immune-inflamed, -deficient, and desert, in association with different setpoints of cancer-immunity cycle. EBV interacted ...

Galanin is a biologically active neuropeptide, and functions through three distinct G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. GALR signaling plays important roles in ...

How do signals from outside the cell cause a response inside it? Such outside signals could be hormones or neurotransmitters. To notice them, the cell’s surface possesses receptors. One of the key ...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins that transduce an extracellular signal—ligand binding—into an intracellular signal—activation of G-protein—which in turn activates ...

Proteins are life's engines, powering processes like muscle movement, vision, and chemical reactions. Their environments-water, lipid membranes, or other condensed phases-are critical to their ...