Since the 1970s, the NAEP Long-Term Trend Assessment (LTT) has tracked student academic performance, and it was last administered just before the pandemic. Those pre-pandemic results can be compared ...

Nate Kornell receives funding from the James S. McDonnell Foundation. Teachers give tests to find out what their students know. But tests do a lot more than that and can have a powerful effect on what ...

According to leading theories, the picture superiority effect is driven by conceptual processing, yet this effect has been difficult to obtain using conceptual implicit memory tests. We hypothesized ...