In statistics and financial analysis, a Z score measures how normal any given data point is compared to the average value of the data. Finding Z scores, or standard scores, is relevant to many ...

Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research uses a full code sample and screenshots to show how to programmatically normalize numeric data for use in a machine learning system such as a deep neural ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...