Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

Power quality primarily encompasses short-duration events on the electrical system that cause equipment to misoperate or shutdown. The time delineation between a power quality event and a steady-state ...

Voltage fluctuations inside buildings are a common but often misunderstood problem. Lights flicker, appliances behave erratically, electronic devices reset unexpectedly, and motors sound strained.

Several types of industrial systems (motor drives, solar and wind power inverters) and automotive systems (traction inverters) require accurate voltage and current measurements at high common-mode ...

Analysis of this circuit is simplified by the fact that the output has only two states: V out low (Vol) or V out hi (Voh). In this circuit, Voh is equal to the positive supply voltage and Vol is ...