Many research and productionapplications require low-level voltage measurements to characterize materialsand devices. When signal voltages approach the microvolt ...

It is of utmost importance for service technicians to understand voltage troubleshooting when servicing HVAC and refrigeration equipment. The majority of service problems are electrical problems, ...

The digital voltmeter is the best basic tool for electrical troubleshooting, because it's calibrated and exact. But remember, the digital voltmeter can't detect a high-resistance fault if the circuit ...

Part 1 in this series covered defrost cycle problems in heat pumps. Now, let's discuss the second major winter issue: heat pumps stuck in one mode. The customer calls and says the system won't switch ...

What consumes more than half of the world's electricity and supports nearly every facet of industrial production? The answer is the AC induction motor. Although these motors typically tolerate ...

Many data-acquisition systems connect directly to sensors. As with all measurement systems, you must contend with errors and do your best to minimize them. Errors caused by thermal drift, EMI/RFI, ...

I have received numerous questions over the last few years about things that I think fall into a communications issue between modules, usually caused by a low voltage situation or after component ...