This paper gives alternative derivations for the standard variance formulas in two-stage sampling. The derivations are based on a direct use of the statistical properties of the sampling errors in the ...

Systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling are other types of sampling approaches that may be used instead of simple random sampling.

Simple random sampling – In this sampling method, each item in the population has an equal probability of getting selected in the sample. First, you must assign a unique identifier to each item.

A simple random sample is used to represent the entire data population. A stratified random sample divides the population into smaller groups based on shared characteristics.

Learn how simple random sampling works and what advantages it offers over other methods when selecting a research group from a larger population.

They concluded that systematic or stratified random sampling patterns are more effective than simple random sampling for bulk powder testing.

In this paper we derive the exact covariance of some sample moments for 'simple random sampling with replacement' (SRSWR) of a finite population. An application of the results is given for estimating ...

However, there was a point of diminishing returns, where very high sample numbers—like testing every can produced—would not be meaningfully more powerful. They concluded that systematic or stratified ...

When observations are costly or time-consuming but the ranking of the observations without actual measurement can be done relatively easily, rankedset sampling (RSS) can be employed instead of simple ...