Digital instruments sample analog waveforms and operate on the samples with the assurance that the data can be restored to continuous analog form. The sampling theorem states that a signal digitized ...

Quality control (QC) is a critical step in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry. Every manufacturer must demonstrate that its drugs are consistently produced, safe, potent, and pure. The ...

As biological molecules, DNA and RNA are fragile compounds that can undergo fast degradation if not handled with precaution and stored under optimal conditions. Poor nucleic acid sample quality may ...

Reliable sample preparation in geology maintains material integrity, delivering high-quality surfaces for accurate mineralogical and analytical evaluation.