Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

To demonstrate a quick way of calculating the optical difference between two refractions using vector analysis, and to express this as a score for examination purposes. An existing formula is applied, ...

If the light rays are travelling from one medium to another they change their direction at the boundary between two mediums. When the light rays either bend or change their direction while passing ...