Many are critical of how regulatory testing practices have evolved and become established—critical both of the scientific rational and the animal welfare costs. The test of whether we are more ...

A new multidisciplinary centre will harness expertise and innovation from across King's to drive forward the '3Rs' relating ...

The principles of Refinement, Replacement and Reduction (3R’s) should be taken into account when animals must be used for scientific purpose. Here, a Reduction / Refinement approach was applied to the ...

The IACUC endorses the application of the 3 Rs ( Reduction, Replacement and Refinement) concept to the minimization of pain and distress in animals. Three Rs Presentation Multiple survival surgeries ...

Those, like me, who never read the original The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by Russell and Burch (Methuen, London, 1959) will find this abridged version thought-provoking. Like many ...