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The reason why large language models are called ‘large’ is not because of how smart they are, but as a factor of their sheer size in bytes. At billions of parameters at four bytes each, they pose a ...

Physicists have demonstrated size quantization of charge carriers, i.e. quantized conductance in nanoscale samples of graphene. Quantum mechanics is the field of physics governing the behavior of ...

Kostant's quantization procedure is applied for constructing irreducible projective representations of a solvable Lie group from symplectic homogeneous spaces on which the group acts. When specialized ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We apply Dirac's method of quantization in the presence of a constraint to the hydrogen atom described by the R⁴ coordinates of Kustaanheimo ...