Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

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Imprecise probability theory provides a robust alternative to traditional probability by representing uncertainty through ranges or sets of values rather than single numerical estimates. This ...

The conjunction and disjunction fallacies are famous for revealing the limits of human reasoning about probability. This can be measured by telling people a short story about a character and then ...

SHENZHEN, China, Sept. 19, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- MicroCloud Hologram Inc. (NASDAQ: HOLO), ("HOLO" or the "Company"), is a technology service provider. In important fields such as quantum measurement ...

We will start by embedding probability theory into a general framework, where we will construct infinite sequences of independent random variables, and (re)visit laws of large numbers, 0-1 laws and ...

We start by embedding probability theory into a general theory of measure and integration. This will allow us to derive theorems that may not have been included in the Analysis III course but that are ...