where N is the number of selected events, N BG is the number of background events, f ξ < 5 × 10-6 is the fraction of events that pass the event selection but have ξ<5×10 −6, is the integrated ...

During the mid- to late-twentieth century, quantum physicists picked apart the unified theory of physics that Einstein’s theory of relativity offered. The physics of the large was governed by gravity, ...

Photometric measurements bias the radiant power at each wavelength with a luminosity function, which models human spectral sensitivity, to account for this variation. The photopic sensitivity function ...

Radiometric techniques are an unambiguous scientific method aimed at gauging the distribution of the radiation's energy in space. Radiometric methods are markedly different from photometric techniques ...

Linear measurement tools are essential for determining the dimensions of an object. These tools provide a way to quantify distance in a straight line. In engineering and physics, getting your ...

CBSE Class 11 Physics notes on Chapter 2, Units and Measurement (Part 3) are available here. Important topics covered in this part are Accuracy, Precision, Errors of ...

In physics, Albert Einstein is famous for two things: developing the theory of relativity, and hating quantum mechanics. Relativity is a colossal achievement, with the special theory of 1905 putting ...

Despite its many successes, physicists are still struggling to nail down a coherent interpretation of quantum mechanics, as it best represents “reality”. Jim Baggott explores the arguments first put ...

Measurements in physics are funny things. You’d hope that attempts to quantify some of the fundamental properties of the Universe would follow a simple pattern ...