This paper analyses whether the first-best level of public inputs exceeds the second-best level. On the basis of a simple model, we argue that the level of productivity-enhancing public expenditures ...

In a practical situation it is often difficult to determine the value of the shortage costs for use in in ventory-control systems. However, in cost-minimization problems including service-level ...

The sea temperature in the South China Sea has a significant impact on the regional marine ecosystem as well as the high-impact ocean-atmosphere events. Therefore, accurate forecasting of ocean ...