Cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence are common in older adults, but atypical findings such as rapid decline, weakness, leptomeningeal disease, and abnormal cerebrospinal ...

Hydrocephalus is an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles. Surgery is the first-line and most effective treatment. The two primary surgeries are the Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) ...

In a 2019 study, Lewis and colleagues showed that CSF flow during sleep follows a rhythmic pattern in ... functions through the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, oscillates during normal sleep.

We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, and yet, the secret of how our brain falls asleep remains one of the greatest mysteries of neuroscience ...