In 1804 Napoleon created 18 'Marshals of the Empire', to serve as the senior officers of the Grande Armée. He created a further 8 before his abdication. A few were aristocrats, but others were the ...

In 1804 Napoleon created 18 'Marshals of the Empire', to serve as the senior officers of the Grande Armée. He created a further 8 before his abdication. A few were aristocrats, but others were the ...

In conventional histories the life of Michel Ney, cooper’s son whose brilliance and bravery in the service of Napoleon raised him to be Duke of Elchingen, Prince of Moskowa and Marshal of France, ends ...

The big square knapsacks of the French poilus were lightened last week of the Marshal’s batons, which, said Napoleon, every French soldier carries. At a meeting of the French Cabinet, it was decided ...