The death of mathematician George Dantzig is a scientific watershed. Dantzig developed "linear programming" and the simplex method, used to solve complex efficiency problems for large organizations.

In this paper, we propose an extended Levenberg-Marquardt (ELM) framework that generalizes the classic Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method to solve the unconstrained minimization problem min where ρ(r(x)) ...

The paper surveys the progress that has been made with the problem of solving linear programming problems when some or all variables are required to take integer values. It is pointed out that there ...