Various sources in the literature claim that the deduction theorem does not hold for normal modal or epistemic logic, whereas others present versions of the deduction theorem for several normal modal ...

Figure 1: Molecular implementation of propositional logic statements and deductions. Using this system one can specify logic programs with facts and rules as well as various queries as a text file. A ...

Mastering the art of deduction was once thought to be a singularly human skill, but research has since shown that animals, including chimpanzees, birds, rats, fish and geese, are capable of using a ...

Ernő Téglás, at the Babylab in Budapest, researches “how infants acquire the conceptual sophistication necessary for abstract combinatorial thought involved in everyday reasoning.” His team has just ...

Logical reasoning is complex behaviour, and has often been thought to be limited to animals that have complex nervous systems. But a new study shows that wasps can use a kind of logical deduction, the ...