Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Let's assume that you need to simultaneously look at the inputs and outputs of a 16-bit counter to determine a timing error, but you have only a 2-channel scope – how do you look all of the required ...

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift from classical computation by harnessing inherent quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform operations beyond the scope of ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...