Using a standardized “index of error” may give clinicians a more accurate means of evaluating the outcomes of refractive surgery, a team of physicians in Finland suggests. Inaccuracies ...

Light bends when travelling through a concentration gradient of sugar in water. The top layer of liquid is pure water while the bottom layer is concentrated sugar water. In these layers, there is no ...

Dr. Preussner said calculations with the Okulix formula employ several precise measurements: ray tracing of the pseudophakic eye; objective IOL data including radii, thickness and refractive index ...

For Higher Physics, revise how to calculate the expected direction of refracted rays using Snell’s law. Calculate critical angle given refractive index.

For Higher Physics, revise how to calculate the expected direction of refracted rays using Snell’s law. Calculate critical angle given refractive index.

Among the various sensing modalities available for bioprocess operations, index of refraction (IoR) is intriguing for its simplicity and capability for sample-less, real-time readout. A group led ...