An editor of a technical magazine once told me that subject matter recirculates every eight months as a method of informing an ever-changing audience. It’s been a while since I addressed Bode plots as ...

It may come as a surprise to some that a control loop’s Bode plot does not always depict the loop stability and that the output impedance measurement, obtained non-invasively, always does. Challengers ...

Since the inception of electronic communications, frequency response has been the common measurement unit for most instruments. Even after the introduction of the feedback amplifier, frequency ...

Many articles and application notes describe the extraction of phase margin, using a non-invasive technique that extracts the phase margin from an output impedance measurement. The term non-invasive ...

For the development of dynamic systems in electrical engineering, control engineering, and even mechatronics, the steady-state response at the output of the system to harmonic excitation (sinusoidal ...