The C language allows you to provide a pointer to a function, just like a pointer to a variable. In both cases, a C pointer contains the address and the type information about the entity being pointed ...

You’re writing in C/C++, using a library of functions with a fairly consistent API. There is no “Arduino language” and your “.ino” files are three lines away from being standard C++.

Implementing complex MATLAB functions Of the many MATLAB functions used to develop algorithms, most do not have equivalents in the C language. For example, the C language does not have equivalents for ...

Depending on the language, there can be more to it that, especially if you get into closures and currying. For example, in Python, the map function takes a function as an argument.