In some cases, not only the function of the circuit, but also the timing of the circuit outputs and internal signals is required to be evaluated at reasonable level of accuracy.

Understanding DIL integrated circuits involves knowing their function and identifying pin one. The 555 timer IC produces astable and monostable outputs, requiring waveform interpretation and basic ...

The fundamental circuit shown in Figure 1 generates timing for a two-phase stepper motor from an oscillator, as well as a direction (forward or reverse) signal. Figure ...

On the other hand, the timing capacitor charges only via the timing potentiometer circuit. To enable it to function in either polarity (opposing half-cycles), two circuits are required.