Direct-port electronic fuel-injection may be the ultimate fuel metering system, but unfortunately it is also by far the most expensive. Presently available systems are based on factory electronic fuel ...

The field of spray atomization and injector dynamics is pivotal to optimising combustion efficiency and minimising pollutant emissions across a range of industrial applications. This area of research ...

FIGURE 1—Here's the relationship between air flow through a venturi and how atmospheric pressure "pushes" fuel into the air stream. At the vena contracta, actual pressure is at a minimum (maximum flow ...

However, not all innovations are equal and nor do they follow a constant upward trend. Instead, their evolution takes the form of an S-shaped curve that reflects their typical lifecycle from early ...

Scientists from Qingdao University of Technology for the first time summarized the development status and technical bottlenecks of electrostatic atomization minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to ...