Whole ecosystem exchange of water, carbon and energy is predominately determined by complex leaf-level processes occurring at individual plants. Interaction between individuals results in a ...

Sea urchins climb onto kelp when their densities are so high they remove all drift kelp and then actively forage on attached, living kelp. (Credit: Steve Lonhart / NOAA MBNMS) Tipping points are the ...

As the world faces ever more complex and demanding environmental and social challenges, the need for interdisciplinary models and practical guidance becomes acute, according to the authors. “The Human ...

Estuaries and Coasts, Vol. 41, No. 1, Special Section: The National Estuarine Research Reserve System: An Integrated Network of Research and Monitoring Sites Supporting Coastal Zone Management ...