The universe is cellular automaton in which reality is simply the readout of a giant, fantastically complex computing machine. That’s the conclusion of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Gerard ‘t Hooft, ...

Fuzzy automata extend traditional automata theory by incorporating the principles of fuzzy logic to address uncertainty in computational processes. Unlike classical automata, where transitions are ...

Weighted automata extend classical finite automata by assigning weights, typically drawn from algebraic structures such as semirings, to transitions. This quantitative enhancement enables the analysis ...