Database programs let users create and edit single files interactively at the keyboard. However, as soon as they want data in one file to automatically update another, programming has to be done. That ...

The fundamental data structure in a data processing system. Any unit of data defined for processing is a data element; for example, ACCOUNT NUMBER, NAME, ADDRESS and CITY. A data element is defined by ...

Developers should be aware of the hazards of using nonstandard SQL commands such as those found in Oracle, Microsoft, and MySQL systems. Instead, you should use ANSI SQL, which is a ...