Swarm intelligence draws inspiration from collective behaviours observed in biological groups—such as flocks of birds or colonies of insects—and applies decentralised control principles to coordinate ...

Swarm intelligence encompasses a class of bio-inspired optimisation techniques that emulate the collective behaviour of decentralised, self-organising systems such as bird flocks or insect colonies.

Researchers have suggested to use a hybrid version of the so-called salp swarm algorithm (SSA) algorithm for maximum power point tracking in PV systems operating under highly fluctuating environmental ...