There was a time when building electronics and building software were two distinct activities. These days, almost any significant electronic project will use a CPU somewhere, or — at least — could.

Microcontrollers are digital devices at heart. They can do fancy things like convert analog signals into a digital value but going the other direction is a bit tougher. Pulse-Width Modulation is used ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. You can build an analog calculator using a pulse-width modulator (PWM) to perform accurate four-quadrant multiplication and division.