This article describes the composite current source (CCS) noise modelfor cell-level noise analysis. CCSisa modeling capability in the open-source Liberty cell modeling standardthat encompasses timing, ...

While it may be relatively easy to estimate amplifier output noise in cases involving simple amplification or where noise is dominated by flat-band noise, it is fairly complex to do so when the ...

Some brief theory and typical measurements of phase noise. How to produce the lowest phase noise at a PLL output. A standard design procedure for a typical Type 2, second-order loop. As stated in ...

Previous installments of this article series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the output impedance, small-signal bandwidth, and input-referred errors of operational ...